The Painter, the Sculptor,
the Architect and the Engraver in the New Artistic
Institutions at the End of the Eighteenth Century
Christophe Loir,
UniversitA(C) Libre de Bruxelles
On March 20 and November
13, 1773, the Empress Maria-Theresa published edicts
that freed artists from the tutelage of the guilds.
This measure reveals the transformation in the status
of painters, sculptors, engravers and architects at
the end of the eighteenth century in the Austrian
Low Countries. There is a clear distinction between
the artists and the craftsmen as well as between the
liberal arts and the mechanical arts. This liberalization
implied that the artist was obliged to give up any
manual and commercial activities. It favored an institutional
artistic world reform. From this, the academies would
develop, artistic societies wouldA arise as artists'
new sociability, and the fine arts salons would make
it possible for artists to exhibit and sometimes to
sell their works without having a shop. At the end
of the eighteenth century, typical institutions of
modern artistic world are set up.
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